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Various infections such as bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infectious diseases are playing a pivotal role in causing minor complications to serious threat to mankind. Especially viral infections like HIV, malaria, dengue, hepatitis, and COVID-19 are very dangerous and difficult to treat. Nature has long been seen with materials that can be used to combat illnesses and treat diseases. The need of the hour is to explore new medications and novel targets to treat infected people from natural sources. Bioactives and plant extracts obtained from natural products are enriched with a lot of potential antiviral medication candidates. Furthermore, phytomedicines and phytotherapy are gaining attention as they are economical and safe alternatives to other treatments. The current chapter deals with the utility of natural products in infectious diseases such as HIV, malaria, dengue, hepatitis, and COVID-19. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Lellis Thivagar and Richard introduced the idea of Nano topology as an extension of set theory for such study of intelligent systems with little or imperfect knowledge. The Nano open set consists of the components of a Nano topological space. It is derived from the Greek term 'Nanos,' which means 'dwarf,' in the current scientific meaning, a magnitude of one billionth. The topology is referred to as a Nano topology due to its small size, since it has no more than five components. Lellis Thivagar has carried out Nutrition Modeling Through Nanotopology directions, some of which were shown in his pioneering work. This article discusses the implementation of nanotopological structures to enable knowledge reduction in real-world scenarios.Couroupita guianensis's Aurvedic usage of Immunobooster, antifungal, antibacterial, Skin infection, hypertension, tumor, snake bite, malaria. The chemical ingredient of C. guianensis, numerous studies have indicated that extracts derived from various sections of CG have a considerable antioxidant activity. Leaf, stem, as well as flower extracts demonstrated varied DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl radical scavenging properties. Almost every component of the tree has been Aurvedic utilised to cure a variety of diseases.In mathmaticaly using Nano topological spaces we can identify which parts the plant mostly cure antifungal, and antibacterial activities.After that one more applications of regarding Covid-19 virus. The WHO verified on 12 January 2020 that a new coronavirus was responsible for a cluster of respiratory illnesses in a cluster of persons in Wuhan, Hubei, China, which has been notified to the WHO on 31 December 2019. India announced its first incidence of COVID-19 at Thrissur, Kerala, on 30 January 2020, India is Cases:43,018,032 and death cases 520,885 and Recovered: 42,480,436.After third wave of covid 19 now normal functioned happened.WHO and Indian government defined covid safety measures like Wear mask, Don't skip vaccinations, avoid touching his or her eyes, nose, and mouth, maintain a physical distance from the others,and vaccinations of all the people.Now uisng nano topological spaces which are main core component identified by nano topological spaces.
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Most of us believe that an effective speaker is born that way. But the truth is that public speaking is a skill that ought to be learnt and mastered. As medical teachers and academicians we are routinely required to make presentations both to the medical community and sometimes to the general public. Online presentations have become the rule rather than the exception in these COVID days. The subsequent article aims to elucidate some of the practical tips for an effective presentation both on stage as well as online. © 2021, Indian Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved.
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JUSTIFICATION: The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has had a formidable impact on Indian health care. With no sight of its end as yet, various establishments including the smaller clinics and nursing homes are restarting full operations. Hence, there is the need for recommendations to allow safe practice ensuring the safety of both the heath care worker (HCW) and patients. PROCESS: Indian Academy of Pediatrics organized an online meeting of subject experts on 27 July, 2020. A committee was formed comprising of pediatricians, pediatric and neonatal intensivists, and hospital administrators. The committee held deliberations (online and via emails) and a final consensus was reached by November, 2020. OBJECTIVES: To develop recommendations to provide a safe and practical healthcare facility at clinics and small establishments during COVID times. RECOMMENDATIONS: The key recommendation to practise safely in this setting are enumerated. Firstly, organizing the out-patient department (OPD). Secondly, appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to provide protection to the individual. Thirdly, decontamination/disinfection of various common surfaces and equipment to prevent transmission of infection from fomites. Next, maintaining the heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) to provide a stress-free, comfortable, and safe environment for patients and HCWs. Finally, steps to effectively manage COVID-19 exposures in a non-COVID-19 facility. All these measures will ensure safe practice during these unprecedent times in clinics and smaller establishments.
ABSTRACT
COVID 19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is spreading worldwide and affected 10 million people with a mortality rate between 0.5 % to 5%. Medicinal plants from China, Morocco, Algeria, Africa and India were tested for antiviral efficacy in SARS-CoV-2. Ayurveda Medicine described many medicinal plants. The Nimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is used in fever, bacterial and viral infections, and Amrita (Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers) is used as antiviral, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory purposes. The combination of both these plants is called Nimbamritam, and it is widely used in pyrexia, dermatitis, viral infections, etc. Spike protease (PDB ID 6VXX) and Mpro (PDB ID 6LU) were retrieved from RCSB and 16 ligands from A. indica and 6 ligands from T. cordifolia were obtained from IMPPAT and PubChem. AutoDock Vina embedded PyRx was used for docking. Remdesivir was taken as a reference drug. In silico study of Cordifolide A of T cordifolia showed the highest scores with -8.2 Kcal/mol and -10.3Kcal/mol with Mpro protease and Spike protease respectively. Cordifolide A had 4 H bonds and Kaempferol had 7 non-conventional bonds, including van der Waal with Mpro (6LU7) protease. The interactions with 6VXX had 5 H bonds in each ligand Cordifolide A and Azadirachtin B. The prevention of virus entry by targeting spike protease host receptor ACE2 and restricting replication of the viral genome by targeting Mpro residues were identified in our study. A. indica and T. cordifolia are promising therapeutic agents in COVID 19.